The world’s largest event dedicated to the educational, technical, and scientific advancement of ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) technologies.

Conference Program

Tuesday, May 10

8:00 AM – 10:00 AM EST

1A: Structural & Flexible Electronics

Electrons In, Electrons Out: Electron Beam for Battery Production
Sage Schissel, PCT Ebeam and Integration
Zhijia Du, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

UV Curable Resins for Use in Structural Electronics
Jonathan Shaw, allnex USA Inc.

Dielectric Performance of UV-Curable Piezo-inkjet resins for Dielectric coating applications
Donald Herr, Sartomer

Hot Lithography - High precision 3D printing of flame retardant photopolymers for the electronics industry
Christian Gorsche, Cubicure GmbH

1B: Cationic/Photoinitiator

How Cationic Curing can be a sustainable solution for challenging applications
David Engberg, Perstorp AB

Novel cationic UV-cured hybrid coatings with enhanced mechanical resistance and thermal properties
Carlo Trentalange, Elixe srl

Head-to-head Comparison of Cationic Photoinitiator Effectiveness
Julie Jessop, Mississippi State University

XKm Formulation Strategies for TPO Replacement
Jonathan Andersson, Sartomer Inc.

1C: Introduction to the Basics of UV/EB Curing

Introduction to the Basics of UV/EB Curing
Dr. Mike J. Idacavage, Radical Curing, LLC

Challenges and Opportunities for UV+EB Curing in Energy Storage Applications

11:00 AM – 11:45 AM

Panelists include:

    sponsored by

    Rujan Kamar
    CEO @ Ateios Systems

    Paul Snowwhite
    President at 7D Innnovators
    Karl Swanson
    President – PCT Ebeam and Integration
    Oliver Hamann
    Director Of Operations at Miltec UV
    Radlaunch Presentations

    12:00 PM – 1:00 PM

    • High Performance Battery Components, Alteios Systems
    • Protective Coatings for Inner Tubes and Cylinders, Polytechnic University of Turin/ELIXE SRL
    • Volumetric 3D printed Dental Aligners, Vitro3D
    • Custom Boli for Radiation Therapy, Centre for the North BC Cancer
    • Disappearing 4D Advanced Materials, Whytneigh R. Duffie, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology

    sponsored by

    11:00 AM – 1:00 PM EST

    2A: Regulatory

    Regulatory compliance requirements for RadTech industry products
    Shannon Gainey, Danimer Scientific

    Truth and Clarity on Mercury Regulation in UV Curing
    Jennifer Heathcote, GEW, Inc.

    In-situ analysis of the presence of a photoinitiator after curing
    Natasha Banke, INX International Ink Company

    TSCA Updates
    Shannon Gainey, Danimer Scientific

    2B: Chemistry & Molecular Design

    Directed Network Structure Through Controlled Radical Photopolymerization
    Huayang Fang, University of Iowa

    Effect of Ionic Liquid on Photopolymer Nanostructure Retention within Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Templates
    Alexandros Kotsiras, University of Iowa

    Controlling Oligomer Structure to Direct Photopolymer Network Morphology
    Tanner Grover, University of Iowa

    2C: Equipment

    UV LED Performance at Extreme Drive Conditions for Curing Applications
    Carlton Gibson, Seoul Viosys/SETi

    UV LED curing of inner surfaces of pipes and cylinders
    Alessandro Condini, ELIXE SRL

    Behaviors of High-Power Mercury Bulbs in Enhanced Microwave Powered Systems
    Miodrag Cekic, Heraeus Noblelight America LLC

    3:00 PM – 5:00 PM EST

    3A: Sustainability

    Improving Recyclability of Paperboard Packaging with Decorative Coatings
    Brian Green, WaveFront Technology

    How To Sustainably Create Recyclable Packaging Through The Use Of Electron Beam Curable Inks In The Printing Process
    Im Rangwalla, Energy Sciences Inc.

    High Performance 3D Printing Utilizing New Sustainable (Meth)Acrylates
    Sean Des Roches, RAHN USA Corp.

    Green Chemistry/Sustainability and UV/EB materials
    Shannon Gainey, Danimer Scientific

    3B: Measurement/Radiometry

    Radiometry of 3D Printers and Impact on Materials
    Paul Snowwhite, 7D Innovators

    Inline and offline UV/UV-LED lamp diagnostics improving the performance and process stability of printing applications
    Thomas Efsen, EFSEN UV & EB TECHNOLOGY

    Output consistency of commercial UV-LED installations in the wood coatings industry
    David Ivarsson, EFSEN UV & EB TECHNOLOGY

    3C: NEW PRODUCT DEBUT I

    a-Methylene-g-Butyrolactones Monomers Yielding High Tg, Optically Clear Polymers
    Jonathan Kendall, Alkemere, L.L.C.

    Latest innovations in photoacid generator technology
    Mike Wyrostek, Hampford Research

    Alberdingk®LUX 104 – A Robust, Amine-free UV PUD with Excellent Stability and Performance
    Laurie Morris, Alberdingk Boley

    AeroLED, UV LED Made Simple
    Jennifer Heathcote, GEW (EC)

    UV is a Process – How to successfully engage and implement a UV Project
    Michael Kelly, Allied PhotoChemical, Inc.

    VMOX – BASF’s new Reactive Diluent for UV Inks and 3D Printing
    Dr. Raj Sundar, BASF Corporation

    A New Liquid Photoinitiator for LED Curing
    Dr. Richard Plenderleith, Arkema-Sartomer Americas

    Allnex wetting and dispersing radiation curable additive developments. Ready to use, samples available for evaluation
    Marco Bachler, allnex

    Turning Regulatory Challenges Into Customer Victories

    3:00 PM – 3:45 PM

    With the growing imperative across our economy to address sustainability, regulatory questions, and supply chain issues, the new RadTech Energy Curing Users Resource Group members will discuss interpreting regulatory directives and appropriate perspectives from which to address regulatory and sustainability questions from companies, and federal and state regulators.

    sponsored by

    Michael Gould
    RAHN USA Corp.

    Rita Loof
    RadTech

    Shannon Gainey
    Danimer Scientific
    George Fuchs
    NAPIM
    Spark Tank: Ignite New Ideas

    4:00 PM – 5:00 PM

    The Spark Tank is an opportunity for the UV/EB community to learn more about our young and early-career professionals, while also allowing industry veterans to give advice.

    sponsored by

    What is it?

    The Spark Tank is a special session at RadTech 2022 where the UV/EB community will learn more about our young and early-carerr professionals, while also allowing industry veterans to give advice.

    How does it work?

    Young Professionals (YP) will give a three minute presentation about themselves, their goals, and what they’re interested to a pandel of UV/EB industry veterans. The YP will also have the opportunity to ask the panel of industry veterans a question. We expect this to be a conversational exchange exchange where the YPs and industry veterans learn more about each other. If time permits, the audience will also be able to ask questions.

    How can I ignite (present)?

    Email Mickey Fortune to sign up. Please send your name, company/organization, and a short title to summarize what you will talk about. This can be something about you, something you’re interested in — really, just anything to get the audience interested in you. Space is very limited.

    When is the Spark Tank?

    The Spark Tank takes place on Tuesday, May 10, from 4:00 – 5:00 PM in the exhibit theatre on the show floor at RadTech 2022. All are welcome to attend.

    Wednesday, May 11

    8:00 AM – 10:00 AM EST

    4A: Next Level Formulations I

    Monomer impact on Optical Fiber Coatings
    Bruce Fillipo, Ashland

    Achieving Ultra-Low Gloss Coatings Through Oligomer Design and Technology
    Marcus Hutchins, Allnex

    Strategies towards sustainable UV solutions with reduced hazard and reduced migration potential
    Richard Plenderleith, Sartomer

    The Synergistic Effect of combining Aminofunctional Materials with Type I Photoinitiators
    Camila Baroni, IGM Resins

    4B: Analytical

    Performance Optimization of 3D Printed Parts Using Real Time Stress Imaging
    Paul Share, Advanced Materials Design

    Introduction to the Characterization of UV and UV-Polyurethane Dual-Cure Coating Reactions by FTIR Spectroscopy
    Issei TAKAHASHI, Mitsuichemicals.Inc / University of Haute Alsace

    4C: Introduction to the Basics of UV/EB Curing

    Introduction to the Basics of UV/EB Curing
    Dr. Mike J. Idacavage, Radical Curing, LLC

    The Future of Additive Manufacturing Materials

    11:00 AM – 11:45 AM

    Panelists include:

    presented by

    sponsored by

    David Walker
    Co-Founder of Azul 3D
    Maximilian Zieringer
    Materials Lead at Formlabs
    Eric Pallarés García
    Co-founder & CTO, BCN3D Technologies
    Charlie Wood
    Senior Director of Research & Development at Fast Radius
    Vince Anewenter
    Director – RPC Consortium Milwaukee School of Engineering
    Pratik Shah
    Global Product Director, Adaptive3D Technologies
    THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

    12:00 PM – 12:45 PM

    sponsored by

    Panel Description:  

    The Role of Government in Additive Manufacturing Panel will provide an open forum to discuss current government engagements in additive manufacturing for suppliers, equipment manufacturers, and end users.  The panel will draw on experience and plans of experts supporting guidance, regulations, standards, and commerce developments in additive manufacturing with photopolymer applications a focus.   The desired outcome is to provide relevant government program updates for businesses and manufacturers supporting additive manufacturing and recommendations for overcoming challenges for future developments.

    Panelists:

    Diane Poster, PhD

    Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

    Cameron Miller
    Research Chemist, Optical Radiation Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology

    Maxim Shusteff
    Group Leader, Materials Engineering and Biomanufacturing, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 

    Treye Thomas
    Lead Toxicologist and Program Manager, Chemicals, Nanotechnology, and Emerging Technologies, Consumer Product Safety Commission

    Kevin Carr
    Chief Executive Officer, FloridaMakes

    11:00 AM – 1:00 PM EST

    5A: Next Level Formulations II

    Small particle sizes pack a punch: Additive options to improve surface performance of UV Coatings utilizing cross-linkable, nanoparticle dispersions or micronized wax options
    Brent Laurenti, BYK USA

    LED Boosters to Improve Surface Cure by LED for Litho or Flexo Applications
    Tong Wang, Allnex

    Promoting Energy Curable Adhesion to Difficult Substrate — From an Additive Aspect
    Kai Yang, EVONIK

    Urethane Acrylate Oligomers: Sensitivity of cured films to UV Light and Moisture with and without UV Absorbers
    Jason Ghaderi, iGM Resins

    5B: Kinetics

    Comparison of the determination of Cure by Photo-DSC, Photo-DMA, and Photo-Rheology
    Noah Menard, Veritas Testing and Consulting

    Connecting the dots in electron-beam polymerizations
    Julie Jessop, Mississippi State University

    5C: Optimized Materials

    Performance characteristics of UV/EB curable oligomers utilizing tin alternative catalysts
    Christopher Cayer, Bomar

    Optimization, Formulation and Characterization of solid state UV/EB curable polyester based resins for different industrial applications
    Paul Snowwhite, 7D Innovators

    Structured Urethane Acrylates Vs. Telechelic Urethane Acrylates comparison in Inkjet applications
    Endrit Shurdha, Sartomer

    Heteroleptic POSS Additives for Dual Energy Cure Coatings
    Joe Lichtenhan, Hybrid Plastics Inc

    3:00 PM – 5:00 PM EST

    6A: Next Level Formulations III

    POSS Additives for Dispersion and Viscosity Control
    Joe Lichtenhan, Hybrid Plastics Inc

    The use of silica additives in UV printing inks
    Kai Yang, Evonik Corporation

    UV Curable Coating Options for Interior Automotive Applications
    Kristy Wagner, Red Spot Paint

    Low Viscosity Urethane Oligomers that Function as Reactive Diluents
    Mike Idacavage, Radical Curing LLC

    6B: Specialty Applications

    UV/EB Laminating Adhesives for Food Packaging Applications
    Jeremy Yatvin, ALLNEX USA INC.

    UV and Peroxide Curable Structural Adhesives
    Jonathan Shaw, allnex USA Inc.

    Photografted zwitterionic hydrogel coatings to decrease biofouling and friction on implant biomaterials
    Adreann Peel, University of Iowa

    Designing a UV LED Curing System for Optical Fiber, Wire & Cable Applications
    Eric Nelson, Heraeus Noblelight America

    6C: NEW PRODUCT DEBUT II

    ONE
    Mike Higgins, Phoseon Technology

    OmniCure S2000 Elite – Next Generation Lamp-based UV Spot Curing System
    Roy Kayser, Excelitas Technologies

    eXede Expectations with Low Energy High Production X-ray
    Karl Swanson, PCT Ebeam and Integration, LLC

    Evyron™ / Curalite™ Ox
    Jenny Klevås, Perstorp AB

    Greener days are here to stay – with PureLine™
    Camila Baroni, IGM Resins, Inc.

    Daicel – The Best Solution for you
    Bryan Seren, DAICEL CHEMTECH, INC

    Overview: Gigahertz-Optik UV Curing Radiometric Instrumentation
    Bob Angelo, Gigahertz Optik

    New Chemistries to Enhance Properties in Photocure Applications
    James Goodrich, Miwon North America, Inc.

    Is UV+EB Sustainable? Join us on the road to the circular economy

    3:00 PM – 3:45 PM

    sponsored by

    Todd Fayne
    Associate Director, Global Snacks R&D, Pepsico
    Nikola Juhasz
    Global Technical Director, Sustainability, Sun Chemical
    Jonathan Graunke
    Vice President, UV/EB Technology
    Assistant R&D Director, INX International Ink Co.
    Andrew Mitchell
    Senior Research Engineer, Printpack
    AJ Buran
    President, GOpak Flexibles
    UV Rocks! Fender Guitar Reduces Cycle Time with UV Curing

    4:00 PM – 4:45 PM

    RadTech is getting the band back together for a panel discussion to discuss our UV+EB Technology Magazine article by Jim Raymont of EIT. INPRO Technologies of Frederick, Maryland, organized and led a “UV Band” of equipment suppliers, UV suppliers (sources, coatings, measurement), integrators and even a regulatory specialist to help Fender Musical Instruments Corporation add UV curing to one of its processes. The conversion to UV provided several benefits to Fender including:

    • Reduced cycle time
    • Reclaimed floor space, which in the past was dedicated to the 24-hour air cure
    • Less work in process (WIP) inventory
    • Fender is considering similar UV systems for other applications and production lines.
    • Special thanks to Fender Guitars for working with us to tell us their story.
    • Join us in Orlando to meet our band and hear their story of implementing an exciting new UV Process!

    sponsored by

    Thursday, May 12

    8:00 AM – 10:00 AM EST

    7A: Additive Manufacturing I

    High Temperature Additive Manufacturing Materials
    Neil Cramer, Sartomer

    Photopolymer resins for 3D printing
    Jennifer McClung, ALLNEX, USA

    Novel Resins for 3D printing: Comparison, Performance and Properties
    Paul Snowwhite, 7D Innovators

    Additive Manufacturing of Novel Surface-Eroding, Non-Swelling Anhydride Resins
    Whytneigh Duffie, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology

    7B: Building Materials

    Hurdles and Solutions to Matting of UV Wood Coatings
    Hossein Riazi, Evonik Corporation

    Structured Urethane Acrylates in LVT Applications
    Elaine Ruiz, Sartomer

    Waterborne UV PUD for Wood and Beyond
    Marcus Hutchins, Allnex

    7C New Product Debut III

    Denamer 1220: An Aliphatic Alternative to Bisphenol A Epoxy Acrylate
    Jeremy Smith, Nagase America
    Reactive Flame Retardants in UV
    Michael Kiehnel, BCH

    Maximizing Power Density in UVA LEDs
    David Nowak, Luminus

    High-Dose & Multi-Wavelength Curing
    Jonathan Fore, AMS Spectral UV

    11:00 AM – 1:00 PM EST

    8A: Additive Manufacturing II

    Additive Manufacturing for Production: Are we there yet??
    Vince Anewenter, Milwaukee School of Engineering

    A uniform calibrated light engine for fundamental photopolymer additive manufacturing
    Jason Killgore, NIST

    A uniform calibrated light engine for fundamental photopolymer additive manufacturing
    Paul Snowwhite, 7D Innovators

    8B: Scratch Resistance/Protective Coatings

    Resins for Luxury Vinyl Tile (LVT) - Enabling Differentiation through Product Performance
    Marcus Hutchins, Allnex

    Leading the Way With Dual Cure Technology
    Chris Baumgart, Red Spot Paint and Varnish

    Visible Light Cured Fluorine-containing Polymers Exhibit Robust Thermal Stability and Remarkable Hardness
    Tatyana Tarasevich, SFluor Inc

    2:00 PM – 4:00 PM EST

    9A: Global Market Overview

    European Market Overview
    David Engberg, Perstorp AB

    North American Market Overview
    Susan Bailey. Michelman

    Reliable Market Data Resources – Development, Usage and Limitations
    George Fuchs, NAPIM

    The Tactile Report Overview: Photopolymer Additive Manufacturing Market Trends and Companies to Watch
    Stephanie Benight, Tactile Material Solutions

    9B: Composites

    Energy Curable Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites and Their Applications
    Tong Wang, Allnex
    Electrons In, Electrons Out: Electron Beam for Battery Production
    Sage Schissel, PCT Ebeam and Integration & Zhijia Du, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

    Electricity, and thus, batteries, are sought out as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels; however, there are aspects of their production, such as the use of solvents, that can be improved to make this green technology even greener. In addition, as the market for batteries grows, production speed needs to be improved to match demand. How electron beam technology addresses these battery production needs is presented, along with proof-of-concept work, and remaining challenges.

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    UV Curable Resins for Use in Structural Electronics
    Jonathan Shaw, allnex USA Inc.

    Structural electronics refers to the incorporation of electrical components into load bearing or structural elements in e.g. automobiles, wearable technology, etc. Materials that comprise the electronic part of structure need to either have good dielectric properties or the ability to be formulated into conductive inks or coatings. We will describe the electronic properties of a number of UV curable resins and illustrate where they could be used in structural electronics.

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    Dielectric Performance of UV-Curable Piezo-inkjet resins for Dielectric coating applications
    Donald Herr, Sartomer

    UV-curable piezo inkjet is a useful mechanism to deposit electronically insulating layers for printed and flexible circuit boards.  The material development for these print heads require a unique set of expertise in resin formulation, knowledge of application/processing, and resultant end-use properties.  They can operate over a wide range of temperatures, are resistant to humidity/moisture as well as some solvents and can survive hand soldering for rework.  This work outlines the dielectric optimization of a base resin package that can be used with colorants for a tailored solution into this market and compares this performance vs. and incumbent UV-curable piezo inkjet dielectric material.

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    Hot Lithography - High precision 3D printing of flame retardant photopolymers for the electronics industry
    Christian Gorsche, Cubicure GmbH

    Polymer part manufacturing for the electronics industry needs to support specific material performance, high manufacturing precision and surface quality. Lithography-based AM technologies (e.g., SLA, DLP) offer such critical performance characteristics yet available materials still fail to support industrial expectations. For this, the Hot Lithography technology was implemented giving rise to i) industrially relevant production throughput & quality (e.g., Cerion production plant) and ii) unique performance photopolymers (e.g., impact toughness > 50 J/m; materials with UL94 V0 classification and heat deflection temperature > 300 °C). Thus, Hot Lithography enables flexible production of functional AM-parts optimized for applications such as electronic connectors.

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    How Cationic Curing can be a sustainable solution for challenging applications
    David Engberg, Perstorp AB

    Requirements on performance for radiation curing systems are constantly sharpening and in the conventional free-radical technology there are limitations restraining performance in terms of e.g. adhesion, flexibility and oxygen inhibiting reactivity.

    These key properties can potentially be addressed by Cationic UV curing. Due to the nature of this technology, with a stress-relief, ring-opening reaction route, shrinkage is considerably less than in free-radical, improving adhesion as well as the quality of a print or coating. Furthermore, as the technology is not depending on free-radicals, that are sensitive to oxygen, cationic curing does not need complicated and expensive set-ups with nitrogen blanketing to perform optimally. Although development of the technology have been going on since the 1970:s, adoption rate and awareness of the technology is today still low. Exception is within 3d printing, where the benefits of using cationic/free radical hybrid systems are well known and utilized. There are, however, many other applications in e.g. metal/can/coil coating, wood coating and low gloss applications that would also most likely benefit from the unique properties offered by cationic curing. Being a solvent free technology, cationic curing is already a very sustainable technology and today there are also sustainable raw materials available on the market for cationic. Using the mass-balance concept it is possible for raw material suppliers to gradually transform their production of fossil based raw material to bio-attributed ones with the goal to transition to fully renewable raw materials. This will enable companies throughout the value chain in achieving their sustainability goals.

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    Novel cationic UV-cured hybrid coatings with enhanced mechanical resistance and thermal properties
    Carlo Trentalange, Elixe srl

    Cationic photopolymerization of epoxy novolac resins (ENR) formulations were investigated with the aim to develop new UV-Cured coatings characterized by high thermomechanical properties for applications in harsh environments in oil and gas industry. Hybrid coatings were developed by dispersion of inorganic fillers and the properties of UV-cured films were fully characterized in terms of their viscoelastic properties, thermal properties, resistance to heat and adhesion strength.

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    Head-to-head Comparison of Cationic Photoinitiator Effectiveness
    Julie Jessop, Mississippi State University

    The energy absorption of 10 iodonium and 3 sulfonium cationic photoinitiators were directly compared based on their molar absorptivity and spectral overlap with the emission of a mercury arc lamp.  Concentrations of the photoinitiators were adjusted for equal energy absorption, and formulations in a cycloaliphatic di-epoxide were photopolymerized.  Conversion results were related back to counterion structure.  These relationships provide guidance for selection of photoinitiator and light source pairings for effective photopolymerization.

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    XKm Formulation Strategies for TPO Replacement
    Jonathan Andersson, Sartomer Inc.

    Use of high wavelength photoinitiators have found their home with an array of high wavelength 3D printing systems.  Recent HES reclassification of certain phosphine oxides have brought challenges to formulators to develop alternatives to TPO and BAPO based initiator packages.  Use of Speedcure XKm has been identified as a candidate to succeed these initiators where its dual Norrish initiation mechanism has been identified to meet or exceed print speed demands of the industry.  Successful replacement of TPO with Speedcure XKm can be pursued through inclusion of amine synergist and careful tuning with co-initiators.  In this paper we disclose the formulation strategies and effects on reactivity, physical properties and printability metrics.

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    Regulatory compliance requirements for RadTech industry products
    Shannon Gainey, Danimer Scientific

    The technology within RadTech members’ portfolios can be used in a variety of end use applications and depending on the actual application, might be subject to varying regulatory compliance requirements.   This presentation will provide an overview of several end use markets and how they are respectively regulated within each market, providing the focus on US regulations including the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), and the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C).

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    Truth and Clarity on Mercury Regulation in UV Curing
    Jennifer Heathcote, GEW, Inc.

    Minamata Convention on Mercury is an international treaty approved by 128 signatory nations in 2013. It entered into force in 2017 and became fully ratified in 2021. While the ultimate goal is clear – eliminate all global anthropogenic mercury use, implementation is not. This paper summarizes 56 documents on mercury, legislation, recycling, and disposal. The intent is to clarify the regulatory landscape so the UV supply chain and users can confidently plan for the future.

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    In-situ analysis of the presence of a photoinitiator after curing
    Natasha Banke, INX International Ink Company

    Over the past few years, regulatory reclassifications have continued to change how ink manufacturers world-wide formulate UV cured inks.  Specifically, the REACH committee of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has changed the classification some ink components as Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC).  Categorization as an SVHC requires ink manufacturers to reformulate away from the use of that material.  In contrast to European regulations, the USFDA does not regulate the contents of printing ink.  However, the USFDA does regulate the food contact material (FCM).  Subsequently, it is the responsibility of the manufacturer of a food contact substance (FCS) to ensure the FCM is consistent with applicable authorizations. Differing regulations between Europe and the US, frequently leads to fit-for-use questions of ink formulations.  We are commonly asked what substances are acceptable for use and what residual ink components are present in the matrix of the cured print.  In response to previous costumer questions and regulatory changes, INX has undertaken several studies to evaluate exposure of an SVHC during the manufacturing process.  As an extension of previously completed work, the current study evaluates the presence of residual PI369 in a cured print and whether that print would contain levels of the residual SVHC above labeling requirements in the EU (0.1%).

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    TSCA Updates
    Shannon Gainey, REACH24H USA INC.

    It has been nearly six years since the passage of the Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act on June 22, 2016 which effectively modified TSCA – the Toxic Substances Control Act.   It has been a challenging ~6 years, especially for many of the types of chemistries used in the UV/EB industry.    This presentation will address some of the latest challenges, especially since the new Administration took office in January 2021.    It will also address some of the latest rulemakings (including proposed) that could impact many RadTech members including rules on Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) chemicals, PFAS (per and polyfluroalkyl substances) and the modified fees rule.

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    UV LED Performance at Extreme Drive Conditions for Curing Applications
    Carlton Gibson, Seoul Viosys/SETi

    UVA LED technology is confronted with diminishing returns in efficiency due to the physical properties of the semiconductor materials. For UV curing systems to continue to see further improvements in processing times, curing system developers may seek to push LEDs beyond manufacturer recommended drive conditions – finding an optimal ratio of lamp lifetime to curing speed.  In an effort to ensure that the market needs are achieved safely and sustainably, Seoul Viosys presents the results of internal studies, discussing how far the current density of its various UVA and UVC LED technologies can be pushed, and what can be done to further increase these limits.

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    UV LED curing of inner surfaces of pipes and cylinders
    Alessandro Condini, ELIXE SRL

    The UV cure of a protective coating in a difficult-access environment like the inner surface of steel pipes and cylinders is analyzed using the irradiance model of a LED array system. The array geometry and its irradiance profile are defined as a function of power and distance with the aim to optimize the curing process. The irradiance model is studied also in a dynamic situation where the array is moving relatively to the surface.

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    Behaviors of High-Power Mercury Bulbs in Enhanced Microwave Powered Systems
    Miodrag Cekic, Heraeus Noblelight America LLC

    Recently, high-radiance microwave-powered UV bulbs exhibiting enhanced radiance in the UV-C and UV-B ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum are attracting technological and commercial attention. This includes additional interest for UV-B/UV-C disinfection and growing demands in the advanced photopolymerization processes (including photoinitiator-free/reduced systems) for electronics and “Ultralow-k” semiconductor applications. We are reporting on initial results achieved by operating both standard (i.e. commercially available) H+ and H microwave bulbs, as well as some new experimental bulb geometries, bulb envelopes, and bulb fills modified to enhance advantages of nonlinear improvements of spectral radiances in UV-B and C ranges. Novel results on total energy densities, peak power densities of irradiation profiles, and bulb temperature maps will also be presented and elaborated upon.

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    Improving Recyclability of Paperboard Packaging with Decorative Coatings
    Brian Green, WaveFront Technology

    Microstructured, metallized UV-cured coatings are commonly used to provide decorative effects on packaging through cold foils, hot stamp foils, and coated film appliques. While decorative packaging film products can produce eye-catching optical effects that integrate well into existing supply chains, recent trends toward recyclability and sustainability have caused film-based products to fall out of favor. This paper discusses the development of a transfer coating to replace film products, property optimization for robust and durable packaging, and the recyclability of transferred coatings on paperboard.

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    How To Sustainably Create Recyclable Packaging Through The Use Of Electron Beam Curable Inks In The Printing Process
    Im Rangwalla, Energy Sciences Inc.

    Sustainability and specifically recyclability of packaging materials are being mandated globally by end users. These mandates have a specific timeline. Packaging in particular flexible packaging though very sustainable compared to rigid packaging options is not recyclable in its current use. The main issue is multi layers of materials making recyclability very difficult. To achieve this target multinationals from raw material suppliers, ink and chemistry suppliers to converters and printers are trying to develop mono material packaging options at the same time reducing the carbon footprint during printing operations. The use of Electron Beam curable inks in the printing process (either Flexographic or Offset printing) not only reduces the carbon footprint but also allows the option of using mono materials in the most efficient way permitting recyclability. How EB processing allows to achieve the recyclability target cost effectively with these printing options will be described.

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    High Performance 3D Printing Utilizing New Sustainable (Meth)Acrylates
    Sean Des Roches, RAHN USA Corp.

    A discussion of the merging of sustainability and 3D Printing. A basic introduction into the technologies of Additive Manufacturing leads into the creation of new bio-based oligomers to increase the sustainable and performance of 3D Printed formulations. Several possible applications are discussed in addition to specific lab formulations and their inherent properties. As the world moves towards more sustainable chemistries, the Additive Manufacturing industry will need to advance in this direction as well.

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    Green Chemistry/Sustainability and UV/EB materials
    Shannon Gainey, Danimer Scientific

    There is currently a lot of buzz regarding sustainability, but what does that really mean?  Sustainability is often referred to as the balance between steps to improve the planet and the conditions for the people, while making a profit.   Unfortunately, there are many drivers for sustainability including Local, State and Federal regulations, customer needs/demands, internal company goals as well as the public, and often these drivers compete.  Radiation curable technologies are inherently more “sustainable” than alternative technologies (e.g. solvent based).  However, the current market drivers are focused more on “safer” chemistries, reduced CO2 and increased recyclability of materials, especially plastics.    This presentation will give an overview of some of the drivers and how these impact the RadTech industry.

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    Radiometry of 3D Printers and Impact on Materials
    Paul Snowwhite, 7D Innovators

    3D LCD printers are becoming more popular and used in commercial applications. Other than wavelength, the light sources are often ignored with respect to radiometry. This study attempts to measure energy out of various LCD printers and compare energy to cure conversion via FTIR and final properties after post processing.

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    Inline and offline UV/UV-LED lamp diagnostics improving the performance and process stability of printing applications
    Thomas Efsen, EFSEN UV & EB TECHNOLOGY

    Printing applications are notorious for high speed, high intensity and short distance between lamp and substrate. To reliably measure the UV performance is challenging due to the winding web of a printing press. This talk will look at how EFSENs ICAD® can be utilized for both inline and offline lamp diagnostics, ensuring full control over the UV output at all times. Not only does this ensure the correct cure, but it also provides the means to get the most out of the UV systems without compromising the quality. Scheduled preventative measurements, cure documentation and instant warnings are some of the benefits the technology brings to minimize downtime and to consistently produce at the highest quality.

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    Output consistency of commercial UV-LED installations in the wood coatings industry
    David Ivarsson, EFSEN UV & EB TECHNOLOGY

    The LED technology is modern, stable technology, with a low degradation and long lifetime. As a result, many LED installations are assumed to have a constant performance over time, with no monitoring procedures in place. This paper aims to explore the output consistency of a number of commercial LED installations at different ages. Manual and automatic procedures for monitoring and diagnosing LED systems will be presented.

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    Monomer impact on Optical Fiber Coatings
    Bruce Fillipo, Ashland

    Optical fiber coatings as well as inks and other UV curable coatings formulate using combinations of oligomers, polyfunctional acrylates and monofunctional monomers to deliver required properties.  A monomer comparison is presented to understand the mechanism and develop formulation understanding of benefits to balancing and improving coating properties through use of monofunctional and polyfunctional monomers.  The impact of monomers on coating properties including cure rate, viscosity, tensile strength and elongation are presented.

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    Achieving Ultra-Low Gloss Coatings Through Oligomer Design and Technology
    Marcus Hutchins, Allnex

    There is a continuing desire for the aesthetic of ultra-low gloss (<10% gloss retention at 60o)  in coatings in nearly every market segment covering a multitude of substrates.  For UV curable resins, this could be one of the most challenging appearances to achieve while maintaining a level of performance such as stain and abrasion resistance.  Some may say it would be easier to get oil and water to form a homogeneous mixture than ultra-low gloss high-performance 100% solids UV coating at applicable viscosity (<2,000cP at 25o).  The high crosslink density that makes UV so attractive for high scratch, abrasion, and high gloss application make 100% UV a liability for matte finishes. Formulators routinely have to choose between oligomer content and crosslink density to achieve desired visual appearance (matte appearance plus clarity) and application viscosity.   Another tool formulators, jobbers, and finishers use to achieve matte finish is Excimer curing.  Excimer uses a unique curing process to achieve a matte finish by creating a wrinkled and roughened surface.  The importance of resin selection is crucial to the efficiency or consistency of the wrinkling.  This paper will explore resin design to achieve a high-performance matte finish and resin selection for maximizing Excimer curing.

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    Strategies towards sustainable UV solutions with reduced hazard and reduced migration potential
    Richard Plenderleith, Sartomer

    With the ambition of reducing the hazards of UV systems, Sartomer showcase an innovative approach to UV curing that exploits a novel range of photoactive materials suitable for LED curing low migration applications. These novel materials show benefits of: enhanced film properties; ease of use through broad formulation latitude; reduced migration potential; reduced hazard.

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    Synergistic effect combining amines and aminoacrylates with Type I photoinitiators
    Camila Baroni, IGM Resins

    A new perspective on the synergistic effect of amines in combination with Type I photoinitiators is proposed in this comparative study. The aim of the study is to understand whether the combination with amines could lead to an increase of the rate of surface cure, due to reduction in Oxygen inhibition effects. The correlation study between amines and Type I photoinitiators both on reactivity and yellowing was carried out. The presence of the amines leads to an increase in reactivity and brings to a yellowing effect. All photoinitiators see their reactivity almost doubled in the presence of amines. The presence of the amine leads to a yellowness increase. Aromatic amines show the highest level of yellowing, instead the acrylated amines are less yellowing and comparable each other. For each photoinitiator the yellowing data in the presence of amines can be correlated to the reactivity. Furthermore, a theoretical study has been done on the influence of the nitrogen content of amines to their reactivity and yellowing: the content of photoinitiator can be customized to reduce the yellowing and increase reactivity. In the graphic arts different characteristics in conflict with each other are often required. Using the combination of Type I Photoinitiators and amines a good compromise can be reached between high quality and environmentally friendly technology.

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    Performance Optimization of 3D Printed Parts Using Real Time Stress Imaging
    Paul Share, Advanced Materials Design

    Mechanical properties of UV cured materials for additive manufacturing applications are strongly influenced by UV dose, wavelength, temperature, oxygen, and other variables during printing and post-processing. The interaction between the printing process parameters and the formulation components can lead to a non-uniform distribution of stresses over the dimensions of the part geometry, ultimately resulting in inconsistencies or failures. In this presentation, a solution to this issue through visualization, analysis, modeling, and optimization will be discussed.

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    Introduction to the Characterization of UV and UV-Polyurethane Dual-Cure Coating Reactions by FTIR Spectroscopy
    Shane Lofland, Sherwin-Williams

    This paper will review the concepts of FTIR analysis for UV/EB coatings as well as a very brief summary of the study of Polyurethane 2K reactions.  These concepts will then be combined and applied to begin to study the more complex Dual-Cure coating scenario.  Important FTIR peaks and relative intensities will be discussed for each of the coating systems, and then combined to characterize Dual-Cure coating systems.

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    Diane Poster, PhD
    Senior Advisor, Director’s Office, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

    Dr. Dianne Poster is a senior advisor in the Director’s Office of the Material Measurement Laboratory at NIST supporting scientific programs in emerging measurements, standards, technology, and data. Her research interests include radiation physics and chemistry, materials engineering, and optical, dimensional, and chemical metrology servicing the health, security, environmental, and commercial space sectors. Previously, as the Deputy Associate Director for Technology and Environmental Policy at the White House Council on Environmental Quality, Dr. Poster administered the environmental federal regulatory portfolio and advised on policy and strategy issues related to protecting the environment.

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    Small particle sizes pack a punch: Additive options to improve surface performance of UV Coatings utilizing cross-linkable, nanoparticle dispersions or micronized wax options
    Brent Laurenti, BYK USA

    The onslaught of COVID-19 and other natural disasters is causing unprecedented disruption to supply chains and raw materials. This presentation will provide premium surface additive options to formulators and will confer basic design principals, along with features and benefits, of incorporating cross-linkable surface and nanoparticle dispersions to formulations in order to achieve ultimate surface durability.  Additionally, exploration of non-crosslinking micronized wax options that provide effective surface enhancements will be discussed.

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    LED Boosters to Improve Surface Cure by LED for Litho or Flexo Applications
    Tong Wang, Allnex

    Poor surface cure due to oxygen inhibition presents a consistent challenge in LED curing.  Amine synergist can provide abstractable hydrogen to mitigate oxygen inhibition and improve surface cure.  Several amino acrylates are presented as LED boosters to  improve the surface cure by LED.  One LED booster specifically designed for litho ink can improve surface reactivity, has little impact on ink water balance, and offers good pigment stability.  Other LED boosters  are suitable for flexo ink or overprint varnish application. They have low migration feature, can improve the surface reactivity while reducing photoinitiator usage.

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    Urethane Acrylate Oligomers: Sensitivity of cured films to UV Light and Moisture with and without UV Absorbers
    Jason Ghaderi, iGM Resins

    Urethane Acrylate oligomers possess exceptional properties, such as chemical and water resistance, low yellowing, good adhesion to a variety of substrates and much more. Although urethane acrylates are employed in many outdoor applications, their performance against factors such as water resistance can be variable.  Careful product selection can prolong the life of urethane acrylate-based outdoor protective coatings. Also, it has been shown that addition of HALS and UV absorbers to the coating formulations can assist in enhancing weatherability. In this study, several urethane acrylate oligomers are tested comparatively to elucidate their relative resistance to UV and moisture, both with and without the addition of a UV absorber. This comparison will exemplify mechanical and physical degradation of each oligomer under the same test conditions. Gloss, film appearance, adhesion, yellowing and water immersion are the evaluation parameters.

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    Comparison of the determination of Cure by Photo-DSC, Photo-DMA, and Photo-Rheology
    Noah Menard, Veritas Testing and Consulting

    Understanding the curing of UV-initiated materials is key to producing a good product. Three analytical methods are commonly used to measure curing time, degree of cure, and the kinetics of curing. We compare the three methods and discuss their advantages and disadvantages for their use to support the production of quality products.

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    Connecting the dots in electron-beam polymerizations
    Julie Jessop, Mississippi State University

    Electron-beam (EB) offers fast, low-power, and solvent/initiator-free means of polymerization.  However, structure-processing-property relationships in these systems are difficult to develop because of the non-selectivity of the radical reactions and the impediments to real-time monitoring by the harsh EB environment. Here, radical formation, processing parameters, and their combined effects on kinetic outcomes and polymer properties are explored through the systematic study of radiation chemical yields in carefully constructed acrylate monomer series.

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    Performance characteristics of UV/EB curable oligomers utilizing tin alternative catalysts
    Christopher Cayer, Bomar

    For over 50 years, tin-based metal catalysts have been the primary workhorse for urethane systems. With increasing environmental and health concerns regarding tin-catalyzed systems, certain markets have implemented constraints on these legacy products. These constraints require the development of urethane systems with alternative catalysts to eliminate concerns that tin catalysts provide. Much research has been done on tin alternative urethane catalysts regarding their reactivity, focusing primarily on 2K systems. In this study, we will investigate alternative catalysts to tin for replacement in urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer synthesis. The primary objective of this research is to quantify any variations in oligomer performance compared to the tin-catalyzed system in both liquid and cured states. Using this knowledge, we will attempt to mitigate any differences recognized in the tin alternative catalyzed oligomers to develop a tin-free oligomer with near indistinguishable physical properties to its tin-catalyzed counterpart.

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    Optimization, Formulation and Characterization of solid state UV/EB curable polyester based resins for different industrial applications
    Paul Snowwhite, 7D Innovators

    The present work addresses two solid state UV/EB curable resins dispersed into liquid agents for applications such as protective industrial coatings, hybrid floor coatings, and 3D printable resins. The oligomer content vs quick adhesion increase in the formulations will be discussed. Benefits of these formulations are investigated in UV cured industrial coatings and 3D printing formulations. Mechanical and Physical properties of 3D printed materials from oligomer based formulations will be revealed.

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    Structured Urethane Acrylates Vs. Telechelic Urethane Acrylates comparison in Inkjet applications
    Endrit Shurdha, Sartomer

    Structured Urethane Acrylates (SUA) are a new type of urethanes consisting of acrylate group insertion along the urethane backbone to increase the crosslinking and homogeneity of the cured polymer matrix. Tougher materials are obtained with SUA containing formulations. Inkjet formulations show increased modulus while maintaining elongation. Polyester and epoxy acrylates will also be compared to SUAs for an overall performance evaluation of the inkjet formulations.

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    Heteroleptic POSS Additives for Dual Energy Cure Coatings
    Joe Lichtenhan, Hybrid Plastics Inc

    Coating formulations that utilize dual UV cure technology (free radical + cationic) are under developed.  Hindering the development has been a lack of effective acrylic and epoxy resin compatibilizers.  At only 1.5-3 nm in diameter, heteroleptic POSS provide a molecular union of disparate organic functionalities on the same molecule to provide compatibilization and dual UV cure.  A comparison of the physical properties between dual cured and single cured formulations will be presented.

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    POSS Additives for Dispersion and Viscosity Control
    Joe Lichtenhan, Hybrid Plastics Inc

    POSS additives differ from traditional ingredients by providing an envelope of effects.  At only 1.5-3 nm in diameter, silanol and polyfunctional POSS adhere to particles while the remaining organic groups on the cage provide traditional organic compatibility and reactivity.  In the talk emphasis will be placed on the material science behind the use of POSS to disperse carbon nanotubes and nano-silica into UV curable coating formulations.

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    The use of silica additives in UV printing inks
    Kai Yang, Evonik Corporation

    As the industry moving toward fast printing speed, both fumed and precipitated silica are widely used in printing inks application. Different particle size and surface treatment could dramatically impact the matting effect and rheology behavior of the UV ink formulation. UV formulation would normally require a very high loading of matting agent to be effective which leads to high viscosity. However, the discovery of novel technology sphere shape morphology

    has made it possible to create matte effect together with good rub resistance and durability of ink film without too much viscosity impact. The surface structure and mechanism of this silica additive will be discussed, samples of outstanding matting effect with good rheology control will be demonstrated.

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    UV Curable Coating Options for Interior Automotive Applications
    Kristy Wagner, Red Spot Paint

    Due to its crosslinking capabilities, UV curable coatings can be natural choices for interior automotive applications.  Technologies range from clear, to pigmented to PVD finishes.  These coatings provide superior scratch and abrasion resistance as well as the ability to withstand the assault of daily chemicals, lotions and cleaners.  In addition, novel properties like anti-microbial and anti-fingerprint continue to expand the opportunities for UV curable coatings in the industry.

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    Low Viscosity Urethane Oligomers that Function as Reactive Diluents
    Mike Idacavage, Radical Curing LLC

    To meet real world needs in the marketplace, a formulator must develop practically and commercially viable photopolymer systems. Effective UV-curable formulations are achieved by carefully selecting a mix of raw materials leading to the desired end results. For most UV-curable (meth)acrylate-based systems, monomers act as a reactive diluent in a formulation. Their primary function is to dissolve solids such as the photoinitiator and tune the formulation viscosity for the selected applications. Targeting a specific viscosity is critical for many applications.

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    UV/EB Laminating Adhesives for Food Packaging Applications
    Jeremy Yatvin, ALLNEX USA INC.

    Multi-layer packaging has grown explosively with consumer culture in recent decades. This design has grown out of the fact that it is difficult to find single component films with all the necessary properties needed in a given application (oxygen impermeability, heat shrinkage, water barrier, metal adhesion, etc.) but by layering different films, a material with all the desired properties is possible. In order to create such films, high performing adhesives between each polymer layer are necessary. UV/EB curable adhesives bring a unique set of properties to this field, with properties and process capabilities not available to older technologies like water-borne acrylics or 2-componant urethanes. In this talk we will discuss the properties of laminating adhesives, the advantages of UV/EB curable versions, and some unique chemistry for attaining good adhesion in such formulations.

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    UV and Peroxide Curable Structural Adhesives
    Jonathan Shaw, allnex USA Inc.

    Structural adhesives may prove to be a superior method versus other fastening methods when bonding two materials together. The force on the joint is spread over the bond line instead of being concentrated at the fastener. If one of the materials is transparent, the bond can be formed using UV energy. If not, peroxide cure can be used. We will present the adhesive capabilities of several formulations, under both UV and peroxide curing conditions.

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    Photografted zwitterionic hydrogel coatings to decrease biofouling and friction on implant biomaterials
    Adreann Peel, University of Iowa

    Zwitterionic hydrogel coatings have shown promise in inhibiting the foreign body response and scarring surrounding medical implants.  Simultaneous photografting and photopolymerization of these films result in a durable coating which remains attached and viable with significant normal and bending forces. The ratio of crosslinker and zwitterionic monomer allows balance of mechanical and biological properties, resulting in up to a 90% reduction in friction and cell and protein attachment.

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    Designing a UV LED Curing System for Optical Fiber, Wire & Cable Applications
    Eric Nelson, Heraeus Noblelight America

    Optical fiber coating processes were originally developed over 40 years ago using specifically designed UV discharge bulb – microwave-powered lamps. The process requires exacting demands including high speeds (up to 2400m/min) with consistent and reliable curing during continuous 24/7 operations to reduce downtime and waste. However, as optical fiber manufacturers look to increase productivity, and reduce operating cost and environmental impact, UV LED lamps are gaining traction in optical fiber coating manufacturing processes. An innovative UV LED curing system design is needed to deliver uniform, focused, high irradiance to polymerize coatings at high speeds with high reliability.

    In a pilot study, we evaluated various UV LED lamp optical designs and compared their performance to a microwave lamp in pursuit of system optimization. In addition to optical fiber coating processes, this work is of interest for other small diameter linear substrate UV curing processes such as wire, cable, composite pultrusion, thread, etc.

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    High Temperature Additive Manufacturing Materials
    Neil Cramer, Sartomer

    High temperature materials have been long sought after for Additive Manufacturing of end use parts. From kitchen appliances to the automotive, aerospace, and other industrial fields, materials with high heat resistance are an important step in the advancement of 3D printing materials. Both radical and hybrid (radical/cationic) formulations have beneficial properties for different application areas. Depending on the formulation and post-curing procedures, high heat resistance can be achieved with either radical or hybrid systems. The proper combination of light and thermal energy can contribute favorably to achieving optimal properties in any system.  Tensile properties, conversion, and glass transition temperatures are determined across an array of different formulations, curing and post-curing conditions to demonstrate the effects of combinations of different types of formulations and post-curing procedures.

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    Photopolymer resins for 3D printing
    Jennifer McClung, ALLNEX, USA

    3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process that creates three-dimensional objects through the deposition and curing of successive layers.  This method of manufacturing has become increasingly popular in multiple industries including automotive, medical/dental, and even consumer goods.  This type of manufacturing can be accomplished through the use of not only thermoplastic materials, but also thermoset polymers or in this case photopolymers.  The use of photopolymers allows for the printing of fine details unmatched by other manufacturing processes.  The ability to produce parts with such detail, while reducing waste and manufacturing time allows this technology to be disruptive to conventional manufacturing processes.  To ensure that the market needs are being met and to keep photopolymers relevant to 3D printing, the design of new materials will have to continue as the market grows.  In this talk we will discuss the technologies and products that fit the current market and the latest innovation from allnex specific to 3D printing.

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    Novel Resins for 3D printing: Comparison, Performance and Properties
    Paul Snowwhite, 7D Innovators

    The present work evaluates the range of properties depending upon the formulation of UV resins. The purpose of the study is to commercialise the 3D printable resin specific to property and specific to its application. Benefits of these novel resins are investigated in different applications. Mechanical and physical properties of 3D printed materials will be revealed.

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    Additive Manufacturing of Novel Surface-Eroding, Non-Swelling Anhydride Resins
    Whytneigh Duffie, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology

    Several groups have studied the application of water-soluble resin formulations for 3D printing, with a com- mon concern being the swelling of the polymer matrix during the dissolution process. In this work, a syn- thesis protocol was developed to produce unique surface-eroding methacrylic-anhydride-based oligomers that later react to form crosslinked networks during the 3D-printing process. Chemical degradation leads to surface-erosion of the crosslinked network, which provides ample opportunity for numerous applications that require minimum swelling of the polymer matrix.

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    Hurdles and Solutions to Matting of UV Wood Coatings
    Hossein Riazi, Evonik Corporation

    Achieving a matte finish in 100% solids energy curable coatings can be a challenge. Viscosity increases with traditional particle matting agents and minimal film shrinkage of the binder creates hurdles in efficiently building an suitable matte surface structure.  This presentation will discuss the fundamentals of matting agent technology even in low shrinkage systems and explore techniques to optimize performance and achieve the desired finish in UV wood coatings.

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    Structured Urethane Acrylates in LVT Applications
    Elaine Ruiz, Sartomer

    Free-radically cured acrylate coatings are known for their fast cure response and enhanced performance properties when compared to conventional thermoplastic coatings. Conversely, they can also be prone to brittleness and high shrinkage, which can be an issue in applications where toughness and flexibility are desired, such as in luxury vinyl tile (LVT) coatings. By introducing functional groups into the backbone of the oligomer, one can achieve highly-crosslinked coatings while still maintaining the flexibility needed for LVT applications.

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    Waterborne UV PUD for Wood and Beyond
    Marcus Hutchins, Allnex

    Waterbased UV splashed on the scene more than 20 years ago in the wood and flooring industry allowing finishers to complete a job in less than three hours that once took the better part of a week to finish.  For many years, waterbased UV has been limited in these industries because of limited tools in the toolbox due to the fact that water and UV curable chemistry are more like oil and water when combined.  This poor compatibility left a lot to be desired in terms of gloss, clarity, and overall coating performance.  For wood and flooring applications, these aesthetic issues were acceptable because the substrate covered up a multitude of sins.  Today, water-based UV has come a long way where aesthetics and performance  can be equal to that of 100% solids and solventborne UV curable coatings allowing formulators, jobbers, and finishers to embrace a more conscientious approached to the environment.  This paper will examine novel waterborne UV technologies that expand the product toolbox that addresses needs such as faster water release, exterior durability, and high gloss making waterborne UV advantageous for not only wood but for building and construction, heavy equipment, and industrial metal applications by offering the performance and appearance to address a multitude of those market and application needs.

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    Additive Manufacturing for Production: Are we there yet??
    Vince Anewenter, Milwaukee School of Engineering

    Additive manufacturing was developed over thirty years ago with the goal of disrupting the prototyping industry and it has delivered. In recent years the industry has set its sights on production applications, but are we ready? As an industry expert with over 28 years of applications experience, I will share my thoughts on where we are currently and what still needs to be addressed to help additive fulfill its true potential.

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    A uniform calibrated light engine for fundamental photopolymer additive manufacturing
    Jason Killgore, NIST

    Photopolymer additive manufacturing (PAM) is fueling an explosion of opportunities and capabilities for US production of 3D printed products in a wide range of industries including automotive, healthcare, energy, and consumer goods. While digital light processing (DLP), a subset of PAM, relies heavily on patterned light sources with up to millions of individual pixels in the 1 µm to 100 µm length scale, recent research has revealed the dramatic dependence of the polymerization process on slight variations in photo-exposure conditions. Reliance by the PAM industry on non-uniform, poorly-characterized light engines can convolve exposure variability with fundamental photochemistry and photo-physics, hindering advancements. Specifically, a lack of single pixel characterization and multi-pixel uniformity in the light engine hinders fundamental characterization of the photopolymerization reactions that underpin PAM. By developing a uniform, well-characterized light engine, this work provides a foundation to inform the comprehensive models required to improve the fidelity and integrity of PAM products. This presentation will provide an overview of the development of a state-of-the-art light engine, comparing prints from commercially available DLP systems to those from the uniform light-engine, and highlight the need for rigorous characterization of sources to streamline PAM resin development for reliable, high performance PAM.

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    Resins for Luxury Vinyl Tile (LVT) - Enabling Differentiation through Product Performance
    Marcus Hutchins, Allnex

    UV curable coatings have been the mainstay in producing high-quality coatings for luxury vinyl tile applications for nearly a decade.  The rapid cure and the high crosslink density offer stain, wear, abrasion and scratch resistance and throughput needed to meet high market demand that is unmatched by conventional chemistry. The high crosslink density of UV chemistries offers limitations such as white scratch appearance, board cupping issues, and board thermal stability issues because of the lack of thermal expansion matching between the constructed board and the vinyl. This paper will explore technology advancements that will reduce the appearance of white scratches after deformation while improving board thermal stability and reduced cupping.  The exclusive mutual benefit of flexibility and crosslink density make this new technology ideal for new applications requiring embossing after cure to impart texture while maintaining stain resistance.

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    Leading the Way With Dual Cure Technology
    Chris Baumgart, Red Spot Paint and Varnish

    Dual cure coatings address the need for superior performance in interior automotive applications.  By providing exceptional scratch and chemical resistance, as well as shadow cure capabilities, dual cure coatings fill in the performance gaps afforded by an all-thermal or all-UV approach.  These coatings present finishers with a wide range of processing options.  Dual cure technology provides both physical and intangible benefits that are essential in today’s results driven world.

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    Visible Light Cured Fluorine-containing Polymers Exhibit Robust Thermal Stability and Remarkable Hardness
    Tatyana Tarasevich, SFluor Inc

    SFluor is a super-hard and heat-resistant photocuring polymer containing hypervalent fluorinated sulfur in the backbone has measured hardness, up to 1.57 GPa, nearly ten times higher than similar PMMA films. Young’s modulus of 145 nm thick cured films exceeded 44 GPa, greater than even plasma deposited organosilicones.  It dries quickly under normal light without the need for expensive lighting arrays and it can also be fine-tuned for a range of high-performance aviation and aerospace applications along with finding utility in optical fibers, composite material surfaces and electronic devices where chemical and thermal stability along with hardness may be important.

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    Energy Curable Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites and Their Applications
    Tong Wang, Allnex

    UV cure offers several advantages over thermal cure in composites such as increased throughput, long pot lives, reduced waste, and low VOCs.  A challenge for UV curable composites is depth of cure because energy is attenuated with increasing thickness. We report the maximum thickness of composites UV can cure.  The influence of resin matrix on composite properties is discussed.  The properties of composites cured by mercury lamp is compared with those by LED. The properties between  UV cured composite and thermal cured ones is presented.

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